![]() Medieval Archaeology in Britain, Fifth to Eleventh Centuri. Masculinity and Male Sexuality in the Middle Ages Italian Religious Writers of the Trecento Historical Literature (Íslendingabók, Landnámabók) Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content onĪpocalypticism, Millennialism, and MessianismĪrt of London and South-East England, Post-Conquest to Mon.īirgitta of Sweden and the Birgittine OrderĬhristianity and the Church in Post-Conquest EnglandĬhristianity and the Church in Pre-Conquest EnglandĬhronicles of England and the British IslesĬloud of Unknowing and Related Texts, TheĬontemporary Sagas (Bishops’ sagas and Sturlunga saga)Ĭouncils and Synods of the Medieval Churchĭa Tempo, Antonio and da Sommacampagna, Gidino ![]() NNNThis collection of articles by a legal historian seeks to retain narrowly defined feudalism as a useful analytic category, while considering its relationship to kinship structures. Aldershot, UK, and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2005. Re-Thinking Kinship and Feudalism in Early Medieval Europe. NNNAn effort to provide an alternate theoretical framework to replace feudalism when discussing ties between different sectors of medieval society. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Kingdoms and Communities in Western Europe, 900–1300. ![]() Densely written and somewhat controversial, yet extremely influential. NNNContinues the critique of the concept of feudalism begun by Brown 1974. ![]() Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Fiefs and Vassals: The Medieval Evidence Reinterpreted. NNNA concise overview of the term and its uses, incorporating the most recent scholarship from the online Encyclopedia Britannica. NNNThe fundamental article on why the term “feudalism” should be jettisoned. “The Tyranny of a Construct: Feudalism and Historians of Medieval Europe.” American Historical Review 79 (1974): 1063–1088. NNNIncludes a critique of the concept of feudalism in the context of a discussion of knights and chivalry.īrown, Elizabeth A. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998. “Strong of Body, Brave and Noble”: Chivalry and Society in Medieval France. Attempts to retain the term to mean social and political ties among a warrior aristocracy, who exercised public power as private individuals.īouchard, Constance Brittain. NNNProvides a succinct, modern overview of the different ways “feudalism” has been used by different scholars. Brown 1974, Reynolds 1994, and Reynolds 1997 argue convincingly for jettisoning such a confusing word, even though some ( Abels 2010, White 2005) still feel the term can be useful if narrowly defined. It has been called a social system, a legal system, a form of military service, and a type of economic organization. It has been used to mean servile peasant status, or the private administration of justice, or battles fought on horseback, or fragmented governmental authority, or special privileges for a hereditary elite. But soon grafted onto this term were many divergent-indeed, contradictory-meanings. It was first coined long after the Middle Ages were over and originally meant the granting of a fief ( feudum in medieval Latin), that is, land given in return for loyalty, by one aristocrat to another. “Feudalism” is not a medieval term and not even a translation of a medieval concept ( Abels 2010 Brown 2010 Bouchard 1998).
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